Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the major pathogenic components in air pollution. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between air pollution and atopic dermatitis.
Iodinated contrast media allergy is considered as a strong contra-indication for performing sialography. There is little evidence to support this approach.
The significance of periostin as a biomarker of Th2-induced airway inflammation has recently been highlighted in adult patients with allergic diseases. It may help identify drug-responsive inflammatory phenotypes, particularly in children. However, little is known about the usefulness of this parameter as a biomarker for allergic diseases in children. Furthermore, it is not known how much adolescent bone metabolism affects allergic inflammation.
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS). The mortality rate of IFRS varies greatly among the patients with DM.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial product, widely used in human consumed types of equipment that can be transmitted orally, by inhalation or through dermal absorption and is detectable in many body fluids including cord blood. A correlation between BPA concentration in maternal serum and cord blood has been demonstrated previously, suggesting a possible transfer of BPA via the transplacental path.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) are commonly found in patients receiving paclitaxel. Effects
of paclitaxel vary because of variable co-therapy or re-challenge with paclitaxel.
Rush venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the recommended treatment for patients with Hymenoptera anaphylaxis. Specific data regarding regulatory T cell and cytokine changes in children receiving rush VIT are sparse.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. Severe leptospirosis is often accompanied by kidney dysfunction caused by chronic infection. The kidney pathology involves bacterial invasion and inflammation caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Human beta defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides induced by microbial infection and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. One function of hBDs is the recruitment of immune cells that leads to inflammation. However, the expression of hBDs by kidney epithelium in response to pathogenic Leptospira has never been investigated.